Volume 15 | Number 1 | 2026
v15i1.402eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.402
Submitted date: 16 November 2025
Accepted date: 9 April 2026
Published date: 27 May 2026
Pp. 63–73.
A NEW TOAD SPECIES (AMPHIBIA: BUFONIDAE: Duttaphrynus) FROM THE KHASI HILLS, MEGHALAYA, NORTHEASTERN INDIA
Holiness Warjri, Madhurima Das, A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe & Jayaditya Purkayastha*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: mail.jayaditya@gmail.com
Abstract
We describe a new bufonid toad from Mawphlang in the Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, northeastern India, based on an integrative taxonomic assessment combining external morphology and mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses recover the Khasi Hills specimens as a distinct and well-supported monophyletic lineage within Duttaphrynus, forming a clade sister to an undescribed lineage from Chin State, Myanmar, and clearly separated from the most closely related congeners, D. stuarti and D. chandai. Uncorrected mitochondrial 16S sequence divergence between the new species and these taxa ranges from 4.4–6.7%, consistent with interspecific differentiation in Asian bufonids. Morphometric analyses based on allometrically size-corrected measurements further support its distinctiveness. The new species is characterized by a small adult body size (male SVL 40.0–41.8 mm), absence of cranial ridges, a distinct but small tympanum, moderate toe webbing, specific digital length proportions, and a dorsum bearing numerous pointed keratinized warts. The concordant molecular, multivariate morphometric, and qualitative morphological evidence demonstrates that the Khasi Hills population represents a previously unrecognized evolutionary lineage. The species is currently known only from its type locality in montane habitats of the East Khasi Hills, highlighting the continued importance of the Meghalaya Plateau as a center of amphibian diversity and endemism within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
Section Editor: Enrique La Marca
LSID:urn:lsid:zoobank.org
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.402
Submitted date: 16 November 2025
Accepted date: 9 April 2026
Published date: 27 May 2026
Pp. 63–73.
A NEW TOAD SPECIES (AMPHIBIA: BUFONIDAE: Duttaphrynus) FROM THE KHASI HILLS, MEGHALAYA, NORTHEASTERN INDIA
Holiness Warjri, Madhurima Das, A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe & Jayaditya Purkayastha*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: mail.jayaditya@gmail.com
Abstract
We describe a new bufonid toad from Mawphlang in the Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, northeastern India, based on an integrative taxonomic assessment combining external morphology and mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses recover the Khasi Hills specimens as a distinct and well-supported monophyletic lineage within Duttaphrynus, forming a clade sister to an undescribed lineage from Chin State, Myanmar, and clearly separated from the most closely related congeners, D. stuarti and D. chandai. Uncorrected mitochondrial 16S sequence divergence between the new species and these taxa ranges from 4.4–6.7%, consistent with interspecific differentiation in Asian bufonids. Morphometric analyses based on allometrically size-corrected measurements further support its distinctiveness. The new species is characterized by a small adult body size (male SVL 40.0–41.8 mm), absence of cranial ridges, a distinct but small tympanum, moderate toe webbing, specific digital length proportions, and a dorsum bearing numerous pointed keratinized warts. The concordant molecular, multivariate morphometric, and qualitative morphological evidence demonstrates that the Khasi Hills population represents a previously unrecognized evolutionary lineage. The species is currently known only from its type locality in montane habitats of the East Khasi Hills, highlighting the continued importance of the Meghalaya Plateau as a center of amphibian diversity and endemism within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
Section Editor: Enrique La Marca
LSID:urn:lsid:zoobank.org
v15i1.401eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.401
Submitted date: 22 January 2025
Accepted date: 9 April 2026
Published date: 16 May 2026
Pp. 56–62.
A NEW SPINY EGGPLANT SPECIES OF THE GENUS Solanum L. (ANGIOSPERMS: SOLANACEAE) FROM INDONESIAN BORNEO
Esthi L. Agustiani*, Siti Susiarti, Tutie Djarwaningsih & Muhammad R. Hariri
*Corresponding author. E-mail: esth003@brin.go.id
Abstract
A novel Solanum species belonging to the Leptostemonum clade has been identified in the Indonesian flora. The new species is currently exclusively found in East and South Kalimantan. It is primarily found in the gardens of inhabitants of Kalimantan. It thrives in a variety of soil types, including sandy loam, well-drained, and acidic black soils. This species resembles S. lasiocarpum but can be distinguished by its nearly as-long-as-wide leaf blades, very shallowly lobed leaves, a puberulent adaxial surface with occasional long-stalked stellate hairs, an oblique leaf base, slightly longer pedicels, larger corolla lobes, and a puberulent, pendent mature fruit. A detailed description, taxonomic note, and an initial evaluation of the conservation status of this species are provided.
Section Editor: Gustavo Heiden
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.401
Submitted date: 22 January 2025
Accepted date: 9 April 2026
Published date: 16 May 2026
Pp. 56–62.
A NEW SPINY EGGPLANT SPECIES OF THE GENUS Solanum L. (ANGIOSPERMS: SOLANACEAE) FROM INDONESIAN BORNEO
Esthi L. Agustiani*, Siti Susiarti, Tutie Djarwaningsih & Muhammad R. Hariri
*Corresponding author. E-mail: esth003@brin.go.id
Abstract
A novel Solanum species belonging to the Leptostemonum clade has been identified in the Indonesian flora. The new species is currently exclusively found in East and South Kalimantan. It is primarily found in the gardens of inhabitants of Kalimantan. It thrives in a variety of soil types, including sandy loam, well-drained, and acidic black soils. This species resembles S. lasiocarpum but can be distinguished by its nearly as-long-as-wide leaf blades, very shallowly lobed leaves, a puberulent adaxial surface with occasional long-stalked stellate hairs, an oblique leaf base, slightly longer pedicels, larger corolla lobes, and a puberulent, pendent mature fruit. A detailed description, taxonomic note, and an initial evaluation of the conservation status of this species are provided.
Section Editor: Gustavo Heiden
v15i1.400eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.400
Submitted date: 5 February 2026
Accepted date: 26 April 2026
Published date: 16 May 2026
Pp. 48–55.
PREVALENCE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS AND AGE STRUCTURE OF Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA: MURIDAE) ACROSS URBAN AREAS IN INDONESIA
Ristiyanto Ristiyanto*, Arief Mulyono, Farida D. Handayani, Raden A. Wigati, M. Mujiyanto, Triwibowo A. Garjito, Agung P. Kesuma, Tri Wahono, Muhammad C. Hidajat, Dian E. Setyaningtyas, Anis N. Widayati & Ibnu Maryanto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: rist009@brin.go.id
Abstract
This study examined the age structure and prevalence of Leptospira infection in Rattus norvegicus to assess age-related transmission of leptospirosis. Sampling was conducted from 2015 to 2021 across five urban locations in Indonesia: Semarang City, Demak Regency, Bandung Regency, Makassar City, and Samarinda. Rats were trapped in indoor and outdoor habitats, euthanized, and sampled for blood and eye lenses. Conventional PCR was used to detect Leptospira DNA in kidney samples, while lens weight was used to estimate age. A total of 263 rats were captured (159 females, 104 males), ranging in age from 126.4 to 1037.5 days. Infection prevalence was highest among rats aged 240.3–354.2 days (9 individuals) and 126.4–240.3 days (7 individuals), with most positives occurring indoors (23 individuals) compared to only 10 individuals outdoors. Overall, 12.5% of rats (33 individuals) tested positive, with 69.7% (23 individuals) recorded indoors and 30.3% (10 individuals) outdoors. Females showed slightly higher prevalence (13.2%, 21 individuals) than males (11.5%, 12 individuals). The predominance of infected rats in indoor habitats indicates a higher risk of transmission, particularly in Semarang and Demak.
Section Editor: Caio G. Zeppelini
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.400
Submitted date: 5 February 2026
Accepted date: 26 April 2026
Published date: 16 May 2026
Pp. 48–55.
PREVALENCE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS AND AGE STRUCTURE OF Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA: MURIDAE) ACROSS URBAN AREAS IN INDONESIA
Ristiyanto Ristiyanto*, Arief Mulyono, Farida D. Handayani, Raden A. Wigati, M. Mujiyanto, Triwibowo A. Garjito, Agung P. Kesuma, Tri Wahono, Muhammad C. Hidajat, Dian E. Setyaningtyas, Anis N. Widayati & Ibnu Maryanto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: rist009@brin.go.id
Abstract
This study examined the age structure and prevalence of Leptospira infection in Rattus norvegicus to assess age-related transmission of leptospirosis. Sampling was conducted from 2015 to 2021 across five urban locations in Indonesia: Semarang City, Demak Regency, Bandung Regency, Makassar City, and Samarinda. Rats were trapped in indoor and outdoor habitats, euthanized, and sampled for blood and eye lenses. Conventional PCR was used to detect Leptospira DNA in kidney samples, while lens weight was used to estimate age. A total of 263 rats were captured (159 females, 104 males), ranging in age from 126.4 to 1037.5 days. Infection prevalence was highest among rats aged 240.3–354.2 days (9 individuals) and 126.4–240.3 days (7 individuals), with most positives occurring indoors (23 individuals) compared to only 10 individuals outdoors. Overall, 12.5% of rats (33 individuals) tested positive, with 69.7% (23 individuals) recorded indoors and 30.3% (10 individuals) outdoors. Females showed slightly higher prevalence (13.2%, 21 individuals) than males (11.5%, 12 individuals). The predominance of infected rats in indoor habitats indicates a higher risk of transmission, particularly in Semarang and Demak.
Section Editor: Caio G. Zeppelini
v15i1.399eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.399
Submitted date: 7 February 2025
Accepted date: 10 March 2026
Published date: 3 May 2026
Pp. 38–47, Pl. 12.
Glyphoglossus minutus (DAS, YAAKOB, AND LIM, 2004): A JUNIOR SUBJECTIVE SYNONYM OF Glyphoglossus volzi (VAN KAMPEN, 1905) (ANURA: MICROHYLIDAE)
Alamsyah E.N. Herlambang*, Arief Tajalli, Masafumi Matsui, Kanto Nishikawa, Norhayati Ahmad, Daicus M. Belabut & Amir Hamidy
*Corresponding author. E-mail: elangalamsyah@gmail.com
Abstract
Glyphoglossus volzi (van Kampen, 1905; Sumatra) and G. minutus (Das, Yaakob & Lim, 2004; Peninsular Malaysia) have been treated as distinct species based largely on morphological characters. We examined a preserved male of Glyphoglossus from Jambi (central Sumatra), compared it to the lectotype of G. volzi and topotypic G. minutus, and reconstructed relationships using a 448 bp fragment of mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Phylogenetic analyses (BI, ML) place the Jambi specimen with topotypic G. minutus with shallow divergence (p-distance 1.86%), and morphological comparisons show concordant diagnostic traits and overlapping mensural data. Given the congruence of evidence and the historical taxonomic context, we regard G. minutus as conspecific with G. volzi and formally place G. minutus in synonymy under G. volzi. We clarify generic and species-level nomenclature, correct several literature and distributional statements, and highlight the limits of short mtDNA fragments for delimitation in Microhylidae. Our results underscore the value of targeted sampling of elusive, fossorial taxa in biogeographically connected regions. On the basis of concordant morphological evidence and 16S data, we treat Calluella minuta as conspecific with Glyphoglossus volzi and place it in synonymy.
Section Editor: Enrique La Marca
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.399
Submitted date: 7 February 2025
Accepted date: 10 March 2026
Published date: 3 May 2026
Pp. 38–47, Pl. 12.
Glyphoglossus minutus (DAS, YAAKOB, AND LIM, 2004): A JUNIOR SUBJECTIVE SYNONYM OF Glyphoglossus volzi (VAN KAMPEN, 1905) (ANURA: MICROHYLIDAE)
Alamsyah E.N. Herlambang*, Arief Tajalli, Masafumi Matsui, Kanto Nishikawa, Norhayati Ahmad, Daicus M. Belabut & Amir Hamidy
*Corresponding author. E-mail: elangalamsyah@gmail.com
Abstract
Glyphoglossus volzi (van Kampen, 1905; Sumatra) and G. minutus (Das, Yaakob & Lim, 2004; Peninsular Malaysia) have been treated as distinct species based largely on morphological characters. We examined a preserved male of Glyphoglossus from Jambi (central Sumatra), compared it to the lectotype of G. volzi and topotypic G. minutus, and reconstructed relationships using a 448 bp fragment of mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Phylogenetic analyses (BI, ML) place the Jambi specimen with topotypic G. minutus with shallow divergence (p-distance 1.86%), and morphological comparisons show concordant diagnostic traits and overlapping mensural data. Given the congruence of evidence and the historical taxonomic context, we regard G. minutus as conspecific with G. volzi and formally place G. minutus in synonymy under G. volzi. We clarify generic and species-level nomenclature, correct several literature and distributional statements, and highlight the limits of short mtDNA fragments for delimitation in Microhylidae. Our results underscore the value of targeted sampling of elusive, fossorial taxa in biogeographically connected regions. On the basis of concordant morphological evidence and 16S data, we treat Calluella minuta as conspecific with Glyphoglossus volzi and place it in synonymy.
Section Editor: Enrique La Marca
v15i1.398eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.398
Submitted date: 19 November 2025
Accepted date: 9 March 2026
Published date: 26 April 2026
Pp. 26–37, Pls. 8–11.
TWO DISTINCT MORPHOTYPES OF Colleeneremia (ANURA: PELODRYADIDAE) FROM THE TANIMBAR ISLANDS, INDONESIA: RECOGNITION OF ONE AS A NEW SPECIES
Nabilah F. Khairunnisa, Awal Riyanto, A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe, Syahfitri Anita, Achmad Farajallah & Amir Hamidy*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: hamidyamir@gmail.com
Abstract
Colleeneremia capitula (Tyler, 1968) is an insular pelodryadid endemic to the Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia, originally described from a single female specimen and lacking a population-level assessment of morphological variation. We examined 44 specimens (29 males, 15 females) from Lorulun Village, Yamdena Island, integrating detailed morphometrics and mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence data. Two sympatric and consistently diagnosable morphotypes were identified, differing in iris coloration (golden to copper-brown vs. uniform black), dorsal pattern, body size, and multiple size-corrected morphometric characters. Univariate analyses revealed significant differentiation in 28 of 31 measured traits, and principal component analysis recovered two largely discrete clusters in morphospace. Phylogenetic analyses of a 432 bp fragment of 16S rRNA recovered both lineages as a well-supported clade within Colleeneremia, with shallow but structured mitochondrial divergence (0.3–1.4%) between morphotypes. The combination of sympatric occurrence, consistent phenotypic diagnosability, and concordant mitochondrial structuring supports recognition of the black-iris morphotype as a distinct species, described here as a new species. This study reveals previously unrecognized diversity within the Tanimbar pelodryadids and underscores the potential for rapid insular divergence in Wallacean amphibians.
Section Editor: Enrique La Marca
LSID:urn:lsid:zoobank.org
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v15i1.398
Submitted date: 19 November 2025
Accepted date: 9 March 2026
Published date: 26 April 2026
Pp. 26–37, Pls. 8–11.
TWO DISTINCT MORPHOTYPES OF Colleeneremia (ANURA: PELODRYADIDAE) FROM THE TANIMBAR ISLANDS, INDONESIA: RECOGNITION OF ONE AS A NEW SPECIES
Nabilah F. Khairunnisa, Awal Riyanto, A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe, Syahfitri Anita, Achmad Farajallah & Amir Hamidy*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: hamidyamir@gmail.com
Abstract
Colleeneremia capitula (Tyler, 1968) is an insular pelodryadid endemic to the Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia, originally described from a single female specimen and lacking a population-level assessment of morphological variation. We examined 44 specimens (29 males, 15 females) from Lorulun Village, Yamdena Island, integrating detailed morphometrics and mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence data. Two sympatric and consistently diagnosable morphotypes were identified, differing in iris coloration (golden to copper-brown vs. uniform black), dorsal pattern, body size, and multiple size-corrected morphometric characters. Univariate analyses revealed significant differentiation in 28 of 31 measured traits, and principal component analysis recovered two largely discrete clusters in morphospace. Phylogenetic analyses of a 432 bp fragment of 16S rRNA recovered both lineages as a well-supported clade within Colleeneremia, with shallow but structured mitochondrial divergence (0.3–1.4%) between morphotypes. The combination of sympatric occurrence, consistent phenotypic diagnosability, and concordant mitochondrial structuring supports recognition of the black-iris morphotype as a distinct species, described here as a new species. This study reveals previously unrecognized diversity within the Tanimbar pelodryadids and underscores the potential for rapid insular divergence in Wallacean amphibians.
Section Editor: Enrique La Marca
LSID:urn:lsid:zoobank.org
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