Volume 9-14 (2020-26)
v14i2.376eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.376
Submitted date: 30 January 2025
Accepted date: 22 October 2025
Published date: 18 November 2025
Pp. 236–244.
BUTTERFLY INDICATORS AND ASSEMBLAGE PATTERNS IN URBANIZED GREATER JAKARTA
Nurul L. Winarni*, N. Nuruliawati, Achmad R. Junaid & Bhisma G. Anugra
*Corresponding author. E-mail: n.winarni@sci.ui.ac.id
Abstract
Urban areas dominated by man-made structures can still provide habitats for butterflies. To assess urban butterfly diversity, KupuKita—a citizen science platform—was launched in 2021 to monitor butterflies across the Greater Jakarta region (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi). Using a simple geotagged form with visual species lists from Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Nymphalidae families, data were collected from four habitat types: home gardens, green spaces, parks, and roadsides. Between March 2021 and November 2022, 50 species were recorded, with Appias olferna, Leptosia nina, Eurema sp., and Hypolimnas bolina being the most common. Cluster analysis based on habitat composition and vegetation identified three ecological groups—urban generalists, urban-tolerant, and rare species. Indicator species were recognized for green spaces and roads, but none for home gardens due to vegetation variability. These findings demonstrate the potential of citizen science for evaluating urbanization effects on butterfly communities.
Section Editor: Tim New
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.376
Submitted date: 30 January 2025
Accepted date: 22 October 2025
Published date: 18 November 2025
Pp. 236–244.
BUTTERFLY INDICATORS AND ASSEMBLAGE PATTERNS IN URBANIZED GREATER JAKARTA
Nurul L. Winarni*, N. Nuruliawati, Achmad R. Junaid & Bhisma G. Anugra
*Corresponding author. E-mail: n.winarni@sci.ui.ac.id
Abstract
Urban areas dominated by man-made structures can still provide habitats for butterflies. To assess urban butterfly diversity, KupuKita—a citizen science platform—was launched in 2021 to monitor butterflies across the Greater Jakarta region (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi). Using a simple geotagged form with visual species lists from Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Nymphalidae families, data were collected from four habitat types: home gardens, green spaces, parks, and roadsides. Between March 2021 and November 2022, 50 species were recorded, with Appias olferna, Leptosia nina, Eurema sp., and Hypolimnas bolina being the most common. Cluster analysis based on habitat composition and vegetation identified three ecological groups—urban generalists, urban-tolerant, and rare species. Indicator species were recognized for green spaces and roads, but none for home gardens due to vegetation variability. These findings demonstrate the potential of citizen science for evaluating urbanization effects on butterfly communities.
Section Editor: Tim New
v14i2.375eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.375
Submitted date: 25 October 2024
Accepted date: 22 October 2025
Published date: 18 November 2025
Pp. 230–235.
IMMUNOGENETIC INSIGHTS AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENDEMIC LEMPUK FISH (GOBIIFORMES: Gobiopterus)
Asus M.S. Hertika*, Muhammad Musa, F. Farikhah, Renanda B.D.S. Putra, Sigit Afendy, Alfi Khasanah & Muhammad A. Alfarisi
*Corresponding author. E-mail: asusmaizar@ub.ac.id
Abstract
The health and conservation of the endemic lempuk fish (Gobiopterus sp.) are closely linked to their genetic diversity and immunological function. Assessing immune gene expression offers a robust indicator of fish health and environmental stress. This study examines the morphological characteristics, immune gene activity, and genetic variation of lempuk fish from Ranu Grati, East Java, Indonesia. Males had larger bodies and longer dorsal fins than females, which were shorter and stockier. Expression of immune genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ) was quantified using RT-qPCR, while mitochondrial COI sequences were analyzed to determine genetic relationships. TNF-α was markedly upregulated, suggesting a strong pro-inflammatory response to environmental or pathogenic stimuli. COI analyses revealed moderate genetic divergence between East Javan and adjacent populations, with a close affinity to Malaysian Gobiopterus and clear separation from Australian species. Preserving genetic variation is essential for resilience against environmental stressors, and is necessary for the conservation of this endemic species.
Section Editor: Eric M. Hallerman
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.375
Submitted date: 25 October 2024
Accepted date: 22 October 2025
Published date: 18 November 2025
Pp. 230–235.
IMMUNOGENETIC INSIGHTS AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENDEMIC LEMPUK FISH (GOBIIFORMES: Gobiopterus)
Asus M.S. Hertika*, Muhammad Musa, F. Farikhah, Renanda B.D.S. Putra, Sigit Afendy, Alfi Khasanah & Muhammad A. Alfarisi
*Corresponding author. E-mail: asusmaizar@ub.ac.id
Abstract
The health and conservation of the endemic lempuk fish (Gobiopterus sp.) are closely linked to their genetic diversity and immunological function. Assessing immune gene expression offers a robust indicator of fish health and environmental stress. This study examines the morphological characteristics, immune gene activity, and genetic variation of lempuk fish from Ranu Grati, East Java, Indonesia. Males had larger bodies and longer dorsal fins than females, which were shorter and stockier. Expression of immune genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ) was quantified using RT-qPCR, while mitochondrial COI sequences were analyzed to determine genetic relationships. TNF-α was markedly upregulated, suggesting a strong pro-inflammatory response to environmental or pathogenic stimuli. COI analyses revealed moderate genetic divergence between East Javan and adjacent populations, with a close affinity to Malaysian Gobiopterus and clear separation from Australian species. Preserving genetic variation is essential for resilience against environmental stressors, and is necessary for the conservation of this endemic species.
Section Editor: Eric M. Hallerman
v14i2.374eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.374
Submitted date: 20 January 2025
Accepted date: 22 September 2025
Published date: 30 October 2025
Pp. 214–229.
DECODING ARCHAEOFAUNAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE KARMA VIBHANGA (KARMAWIBHANGGA) RELIEFS OF BOROBUDUR TEMPLE – INDONESIA, AND ITS IMPLICIT MEANINGS
Ibnu Maryanto*, Aris A. Mundayat, Hidayat Ashari, Fauziah Fauziah, Dony S. Wibowo, Wawan Sujarwo, Mohamad Habibi & Rusdianto Rusdianto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: ibnumaryanto@gmail.com
Abstract
Borobudur Temple in Indonesia is one of UNESCO’s World Heritage sites, renowned for its exquisite architecture, adorned with intricate reliefs, sculptures, and stone outcrops. A notable aspect that has not been exhaustively examined is the presence of diverse forms of archaeofauna depicted in the carvings of the Karmawibhangga relief. By employing the methodologies of intra-, inter-, and extratextuality, the examination of these reliefs as ecological and cultural texts unveils the broader implications associated with the incorporation of fauna within the narrative of the Karmawibhangga. The examination of 160 panels of Karmawibhangga reveals 52 species of archaeofauna, classified into the following taxonomic groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and molluscs. The archaeofauna functions as a valuable indicator of temporal, natural, and symbolically meaningful expectations related to the designated aspects, particularly human behaviour. These conditions serve to underscore the fact that Karmawibhangga reliefs serve as a means of conveying natural scientific principles and cultural critique in a manner that is more accessible to readers.
Section Editor: Anne-Marie Moigne
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.374
Submitted date: 20 January 2025
Accepted date: 22 September 2025
Published date: 30 October 2025
Pp. 214–229.
DECODING ARCHAEOFAUNAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE KARMA VIBHANGA (KARMAWIBHANGGA) RELIEFS OF BOROBUDUR TEMPLE – INDONESIA, AND ITS IMPLICIT MEANINGS
Ibnu Maryanto*, Aris A. Mundayat, Hidayat Ashari, Fauziah Fauziah, Dony S. Wibowo, Wawan Sujarwo, Mohamad Habibi & Rusdianto Rusdianto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: ibnumaryanto@gmail.com
Abstract
Borobudur Temple in Indonesia is one of UNESCO’s World Heritage sites, renowned for its exquisite architecture, adorned with intricate reliefs, sculptures, and stone outcrops. A notable aspect that has not been exhaustively examined is the presence of diverse forms of archaeofauna depicted in the carvings of the Karmawibhangga relief. By employing the methodologies of intra-, inter-, and extratextuality, the examination of these reliefs as ecological and cultural texts unveils the broader implications associated with the incorporation of fauna within the narrative of the Karmawibhangga. The examination of 160 panels of Karmawibhangga reveals 52 species of archaeofauna, classified into the following taxonomic groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and molluscs. The archaeofauna functions as a valuable indicator of temporal, natural, and symbolically meaningful expectations related to the designated aspects, particularly human behaviour. These conditions serve to underscore the fact that Karmawibhangga reliefs serve as a means of conveying natural scientific principles and cultural critique in a manner that is more accessible to readers.
Section Editor: Anne-Marie Moigne
v14i2.373eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.373
Submitted date: 30 September 2024
Accepted date: 22 September 2025
Published date: 30 October 2025
Pp. 206–213.
DIVERSITY, SEASONALITY, AND HERBIVORE PALATABILITY OF THE GRASSES OF KAVALEDURGA FORT, WESTERN GHATS, INDIA
Hanchali U. Abhijit, Hanchali U. Vishwajit, Krishna Kulkarni* & Raghavendra P. Bhat
*Corresponding author. E-mail: krishecol@gmail.com
Abstract
The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot in India, face environmental changes from human activities. While various species have been studied, grass ecology remains underexplored in this region. This study reports on the diversity, seasonality, and herbivore palatability of grass species at Kavaledurga Fort in Karnataka, a tourist spot where wild small mammals and livestock graze. From 2019 to 2022, we documented 51 grass species from 33 genera, 9 tribes, and 6 subfamilies across various microhabitats. Over 80% of the grasses flower and fruit between August and December, coinciding with the late monsoon to early winter period. The dominant subfamilies were Panicoideae and Chloridoideae, accounting for 88% of species. About 47% of the species were palatable to herbivores, while 35% were not. Our study highlights the ecological importance of grass flora in the historical forts of Western Ghats, emphasizing the need for continued documentation and monitoring, as these often-neglected habitats face growing pressures.
Section Editor: Jess Rickenback
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.373
Submitted date: 30 September 2024
Accepted date: 22 September 2025
Published date: 30 October 2025
Pp. 206–213.
DIVERSITY, SEASONALITY, AND HERBIVORE PALATABILITY OF THE GRASSES OF KAVALEDURGA FORT, WESTERN GHATS, INDIA
Hanchali U. Abhijit, Hanchali U. Vishwajit, Krishna Kulkarni* & Raghavendra P. Bhat
*Corresponding author. E-mail: krishecol@gmail.com
Abstract
The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot in India, face environmental changes from human activities. While various species have been studied, grass ecology remains underexplored in this region. This study reports on the diversity, seasonality, and herbivore palatability of grass species at Kavaledurga Fort in Karnataka, a tourist spot where wild small mammals and livestock graze. From 2019 to 2022, we documented 51 grass species from 33 genera, 9 tribes, and 6 subfamilies across various microhabitats. Over 80% of the grasses flower and fruit between August and December, coinciding with the late monsoon to early winter period. The dominant subfamilies were Panicoideae and Chloridoideae, accounting for 88% of species. About 47% of the species were palatable to herbivores, while 35% were not. Our study highlights the ecological importance of grass flora in the historical forts of Western Ghats, emphasizing the need for continued documentation and monitoring, as these often-neglected habitats face growing pressures.
Section Editor: Jess Rickenback
v14i2.372eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.372
Submitted date: 24 December 2024
Accepted date: 22 September 2025
Published date: 16 October 2025
Pp. 195–205.
FIRST DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ADULT MALE AND TADPOLES OF Leptobrachella korifi MATSUI, PANHA & ETO, 2023 (AMPHIBIA: MEGOPHRYIDAE)
Peerasit Rongchapho, Kriangkrai Chaipiset, Sutee Duangjai, Chantip Chuaynkern & Yodchaiy Chuaynkern*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: yodchaiy@kku.ac.th
Abstract
We provide the first identification of male specimens of Leptobrachella korifi from its type locality in Doi Inthanon, Thailand, along with a description of its tadpole, using DNA barcoding identification. This account is based on the discovery of male and tadpole specimens of L. korifi from Inthanon National Park. Less than 0.1% of the 12S rRNA, tRNA-Val, and 16S rRNA gene sequences from the tadpoles deviate from those of the holotype of L. korifi in GenBank and the adult, thereby clarifying the identification. Adults were typically seen at night calling while resting on the dry litter of bushes surrounding streams and waterfalls, where tadpoles of this species were collected. The characters of adult males of this species are: small-sized (SVL 22.8±1.85 mm); dorsal skin smooth; venter dusted with a fine brown network; ventrolateral glands completed; distinct axillary gland, parabrachial gland, and femoral gland; toe webbing with basal and lateral fringes narrow. Tadpole’s coloration in life is beige with brown blotches on the body, tail, and fin. The Keratodont Row Formula is 1:3+3/2+2:1.
Section Editor: Truong Q. Nguyen
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.372
Submitted date: 24 December 2024
Accepted date: 22 September 2025
Published date: 16 October 2025
Pp. 195–205.
FIRST DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ADULT MALE AND TADPOLES OF Leptobrachella korifi MATSUI, PANHA & ETO, 2023 (AMPHIBIA: MEGOPHRYIDAE)
Peerasit Rongchapho, Kriangkrai Chaipiset, Sutee Duangjai, Chantip Chuaynkern & Yodchaiy Chuaynkern*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: yodchaiy@kku.ac.th
Abstract
We provide the first identification of male specimens of Leptobrachella korifi from its type locality in Doi Inthanon, Thailand, along with a description of its tadpole, using DNA barcoding identification. This account is based on the discovery of male and tadpole specimens of L. korifi from Inthanon National Park. Less than 0.1% of the 12S rRNA, tRNA-Val, and 16S rRNA gene sequences from the tadpoles deviate from those of the holotype of L. korifi in GenBank and the adult, thereby clarifying the identification. Adults were typically seen at night calling while resting on the dry litter of bushes surrounding streams and waterfalls, where tadpoles of this species were collected. The characters of adult males of this species are: small-sized (SVL 22.8±1.85 mm); dorsal skin smooth; venter dusted with a fine brown network; ventrolateral glands completed; distinct axillary gland, parabrachial gland, and femoral gland; toe webbing with basal and lateral fringes narrow. Tadpole’s coloration in life is beige with brown blotches on the body, tail, and fin. The Keratodont Row Formula is 1:3+3/2+2:1.
Section Editor: Truong Q. Nguyen
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