Archives
v2i1.24ISSN: 1800-427X (print)
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v2i1.24
Submitted date: 29 March 2010
Accepted date: 18 December 2010
Published date: 30 December 2010
Pp. 6–24.
DESCRIBING NEW SPECIES
Alain Dubois*
*E-mail: sapo421@gmail.com
Abstract
Describing new species is a fundamental work for the knowledge of the endangered biodiversity of our planet, a large proportion of which is still unknown to science. To be really useful to all other comparative disciplines of biology, this work must be carried out in a professional manner. This requires following a strict methodology for the taxonomic recognition of species and for their nomenclature. The taxonomic work must be based upon actual specimens, kept in permanent collections, and on phenetic and cladistic analyses and comparisons based on their characters, attributes and relacters. Different “kinds of species” (bisexual panmictic, parthenogenetic, gynogenetic, etc.) must be distinguished and characterized. For the progress of taxonomic knowledge, revisionary works of supraspecific taxa are much more important than mere descriptions of “new species”. Descriptions and diagnoses must be carried out in a standardized manner. As for the nomenclatural methodology, taxonomists should strictly follow the rules of the Code, in particular regarding its three-level structure (distinguishing availability, allocation and validity of nomina), the principles of coordination, of nomenclatural foundation, of onomatophores and of priority. No new nomen should be created if an available one exists, possibly “hidden” in a synonymy, for the species recognized by modern work. More attention and care should be paid by taxonomists to the problems related to the etymology, aspect and length of nomina: for a proper communication with all other biologists and nonbiologists, the latter should be short, euphonious, clearly distinct and original.
Key words : Descriptions, diagnoses, methodology, nomenclature, nomina, specimens, taxa, taxonomy
Section Editor: Colin Groves
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v2i1.24
Submitted date: 29 March 2010
Accepted date: 18 December 2010
Published date: 30 December 2010
Pp. 6–24.
DESCRIBING NEW SPECIES
Alain Dubois*
*E-mail: sapo421@gmail.com
Abstract
Describing new species is a fundamental work for the knowledge of the endangered biodiversity of our planet, a large proportion of which is still unknown to science. To be really useful to all other comparative disciplines of biology, this work must be carried out in a professional manner. This requires following a strict methodology for the taxonomic recognition of species and for their nomenclature. The taxonomic work must be based upon actual specimens, kept in permanent collections, and on phenetic and cladistic analyses and comparisons based on their characters, attributes and relacters. Different “kinds of species” (bisexual panmictic, parthenogenetic, gynogenetic, etc.) must be distinguished and characterized. For the progress of taxonomic knowledge, revisionary works of supraspecific taxa are much more important than mere descriptions of “new species”. Descriptions and diagnoses must be carried out in a standardized manner. As for the nomenclatural methodology, taxonomists should strictly follow the rules of the Code, in particular regarding its three-level structure (distinguishing availability, allocation and validity of nomina), the principles of coordination, of nomenclatural foundation, of onomatophores and of priority. No new nomen should be created if an available one exists, possibly “hidden” in a synonymy, for the species recognized by modern work. More attention and care should be paid by taxonomists to the problems related to the etymology, aspect and length of nomina: for a proper communication with all other biologists and nonbiologists, the latter should be short, euphonious, clearly distinct and original.
Key words : Descriptions, diagnoses, methodology, nomenclature, nomina, specimens, taxa, taxonomy
Section Editor: Colin Groves
v2i1.23ISSN: 1800-427X (print)
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v2i1.23
Published date: 30 December 2010
Pp. 1–5
EDITORIAL : Taxonomy in the century of extinctions : taxonomic gap, taxonomic impediment, taxonomic urgency
Alain Dubois
Section Editor: Taprobanica, the journal of Asian Biodiversity
Our knowledge of the living species of the earth is still dramatically incomplete. Actually, few domains of scientific knowledge are in such an unsatisfying situation. Taxonomists have so far described less than 2 million species, whereas, using various methods, the total number of species was estimated to at least 7–8 million, but perhaps 10, 50, 100 million or even more. This huge taxonomic gap is both quantitative and qualitative, as very little is known of most of the species that have been “described” and named so far. If the work of increment of our database on specific diversity continued at the same pace as in the past, centuries would be necessary to complete our inventory of the planet’s species. However, time is pressing, because of the biodiversity crisis. The aggressions of the biosphere by our civilisation result in a drastic destruction and disappearance of natural ecosystems and, combined with other threats (physico-chemical and biotic pollution, over-exploitation by man, etc.), entail mass extinctions of species which will be irreversible. Many of the species that are currently disappearing with the forests, aquatic and other habitats that harboured them, will carry away forever with them not only molecules or other inventions of life that could have been useful to medicine, agronomy or other human needs, but also a plethora of irreplaceable information on biodiversity, evolution, adaptation and innovations, not to mention their aesthetic and cultural value. No serious hope exists to really stop or even significantly reduce the destructions on hand, as they are due both to human demographic growth and to the destructive kind of relations our current societies have with their environment, two factors that are not likely to change in the coming decades.
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v2i1.23
Published date: 30 December 2010
Pp. 1–5
EDITORIAL : Taxonomy in the century of extinctions : taxonomic gap, taxonomic impediment, taxonomic urgency
Alain Dubois
Section Editor: Taprobanica, the journal of Asian Biodiversity
Our knowledge of the living species of the earth is still dramatically incomplete. Actually, few domains of scientific knowledge are in such an unsatisfying situation. Taxonomists have so far described less than 2 million species, whereas, using various methods, the total number of species was estimated to at least 7–8 million, but perhaps 10, 50, 100 million or even more. This huge taxonomic gap is both quantitative and qualitative, as very little is known of most of the species that have been “described” and named so far. If the work of increment of our database on specific diversity continued at the same pace as in the past, centuries would be necessary to complete our inventory of the planet’s species. However, time is pressing, because of the biodiversity crisis. The aggressions of the biosphere by our civilisation result in a drastic destruction and disappearance of natural ecosystems and, combined with other threats (physico-chemical and biotic pollution, over-exploitation by man, etc.), entail mass extinctions of species which will be irreversible. Many of the species that are currently disappearing with the forests, aquatic and other habitats that harboured them, will carry away forever with them not only molecules or other inventions of life that could have been useful to medicine, agronomy or other human needs, but also a plethora of irreplaceable information on biodiversity, evolution, adaptation and innovations, not to mention their aesthetic and cultural value. No serious hope exists to really stop or even significantly reduce the destructions on hand, as they are due both to human demographic growth and to the destructive kind of relations our current societies have with their environment, two factors that are not likely to change in the coming decades.
v1i2.22ISSN: 1800-427X (print)
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v1i2.22
Submitted date: 30 August 2009
Accepted date: 12 October 2009
Published date: 22 November 2009
Pp. 135–136.
COMMON SKINK Eutropis carinata (REPTILIA : SCINCIDAE) FEED ON ENDEMIC SEMI-SLUG Ratnadvipia irradians (LIMACOIDEA : ARIOPHANTIDAE)
D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna & A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: thasun.taprobanica@gmail.com
The skinks belong to the genus Eutropis is widely distributed in South and South East Asia and is represented in Sri Lanka by seven species, the largest and the most common of which is common skink Eutropis carinata (Schneider, 1801). In Sri Lanka E. carinata is widely distributed in open areas, closed canopy forest, home gardens and plantations in wet and dry zones below 1,000 m altitude. The Sri Lankan endemic semi-slug genus Ratnadvipia consists of two species, Ratnadvipia irradians (Pfeiffer, 1853) and Ratnadvipia karui Raheem & Naggs, 2006. Ratnadvipia is almost exclusively confined to the tropical lowland rain forests, intermediate zone and up to the suitable habitats within the dry zone. Although snails are usually not an item of skink diet, we have observed a semi-slug in E. carinata gut.
Section Editor: Sujan Henkanaththegedara
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v1i2.22
Submitted date: 30 August 2009
Accepted date: 12 October 2009
Published date: 22 November 2009
Pp. 135–136.
COMMON SKINK Eutropis carinata (REPTILIA : SCINCIDAE) FEED ON ENDEMIC SEMI-SLUG Ratnadvipia irradians (LIMACOIDEA : ARIOPHANTIDAE)
D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna & A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: thasun.taprobanica@gmail.com
The skinks belong to the genus Eutropis is widely distributed in South and South East Asia and is represented in Sri Lanka by seven species, the largest and the most common of which is common skink Eutropis carinata (Schneider, 1801). In Sri Lanka E. carinata is widely distributed in open areas, closed canopy forest, home gardens and plantations in wet and dry zones below 1,000 m altitude. The Sri Lankan endemic semi-slug genus Ratnadvipia consists of two species, Ratnadvipia irradians (Pfeiffer, 1853) and Ratnadvipia karui Raheem & Naggs, 2006. Ratnadvipia is almost exclusively confined to the tropical lowland rain forests, intermediate zone and up to the suitable habitats within the dry zone. Although snails are usually not an item of skink diet, we have observed a semi-slug in E. carinata gut.
Section Editor: Sujan Henkanaththegedara
v1i2.21ISSN: 1800-427X (print)
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v1i2.21
Submitted date: 15 June 2009
Accepted date: 15 October 2009
Published date: 22 November 2009
Pp. 130–134.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF THE GENUS Paludomus (GASTROPODA : THIARIDAE : PALUDOMINAE) IN MAHAWELI, KELANI, KALU, GIN AND MAHA-OYA RIVER BASINS OF SRI LANKA
A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe* & S.R. Krishnarajah
*Corresponding author. E-mail: thasun.taprobanica@gmail.com
Abstract
Since the publication of Preston’s Fauna of British India – Freshwater Gastropoda and Pelcypoda in 1915, a vast amount of knowledge has accumulated on the fresh water molluscs. Starmühlner (1974) published a monograph on the fresh water gastropods, in which he listed 31 species of freshwater snails from Sri Lanka. Until the early 20th century, malacologists used mainly conchological characters to describe species. However, the shells of freshwater gastropods are highly variable, show ecological plasticity, and are known to suffer from convergence and homoplasy, and therefore do not always reliably reflect systematic boundaries. It is already known that other groups of freshwater organisms in Sri Lanka including fish and crabs show high levels of endemism within individual river basins. It remains to be discovered whether molluscs too, show such basin-level endemism. These studies also found that there was significant altitudinal stratification and basin-level endemism of species, a factor that remains to be assessed for aquatic molluscs. In order to address these questions, and assess the diversity of this fauna, we surveyed the freshwater mollusc fauna (focusing mainly on the genus Paludomus) in the Mahaweli, Kelani, Kalu, Gin and Maha-Oya River basins of Sri Lanka. A total of 10 morphospecies were recorded, based on examination of 20 specimens of each species from 20 locations in the altitude range 100-2000 m above mean sea level. Species-level identification is in progress, and further surveys are needed to assess the full diversity of this important fauna.
Key words : aquatic conservation, distribution, freshwater gastropods
Section Editor: Brenden Holland
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v1i2.21
Submitted date: 15 June 2009
Accepted date: 15 October 2009
Published date: 22 November 2009
Pp. 130–134.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF THE GENUS Paludomus (GASTROPODA : THIARIDAE : PALUDOMINAE) IN MAHAWELI, KELANI, KALU, GIN AND MAHA-OYA RIVER BASINS OF SRI LANKA
A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe* & S.R. Krishnarajah
*Corresponding author. E-mail: thasun.taprobanica@gmail.com
Abstract
Since the publication of Preston’s Fauna of British India – Freshwater Gastropoda and Pelcypoda in 1915, a vast amount of knowledge has accumulated on the fresh water molluscs. Starmühlner (1974) published a monograph on the fresh water gastropods, in which he listed 31 species of freshwater snails from Sri Lanka. Until the early 20th century, malacologists used mainly conchological characters to describe species. However, the shells of freshwater gastropods are highly variable, show ecological plasticity, and are known to suffer from convergence and homoplasy, and therefore do not always reliably reflect systematic boundaries. It is already known that other groups of freshwater organisms in Sri Lanka including fish and crabs show high levels of endemism within individual river basins. It remains to be discovered whether molluscs too, show such basin-level endemism. These studies also found that there was significant altitudinal stratification and basin-level endemism of species, a factor that remains to be assessed for aquatic molluscs. In order to address these questions, and assess the diversity of this fauna, we surveyed the freshwater mollusc fauna (focusing mainly on the genus Paludomus) in the Mahaweli, Kelani, Kalu, Gin and Maha-Oya River basins of Sri Lanka. A total of 10 morphospecies were recorded, based on examination of 20 specimens of each species from 20 locations in the altitude range 100-2000 m above mean sea level. Species-level identification is in progress, and further surveys are needed to assess the full diversity of this important fauna.
Key words : aquatic conservation, distribution, freshwater gastropods
Section Editor: Brenden Holland
v1i2.20ISSN: 1800-427X (print)
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v1i2.20
Submitted date: 06 August 2009
Accepted date: 28 September 2009
Published date: 22 November 2009
Pp. 126–129.
RECORD OF Oreochromis aureus (STEINDACHNER, 1864) (TELEOSTEI : PERCIFORMES : CICHLIDAE) IN THE NATURAL WATERS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA
J.D. Marcus Knight* & K. Rema Devi
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jdmarcusknight@yahoo.co.in
Of the many fish introduced globally for aquaculture, Tilapia can be considered as the most widely introduced species. The Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852, was the first species to be widely introduced for aquaculture. FAO Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species (2000 - 2009) states that O. mossambicus was first introduced to India during the year 1952 from Sri Lanka and Thailand for aquaculture with the idea of reservoir fisheries. O. niloticus Linnaeus, 1758, was introduced to India as late as 1990 from Thailand. O. mossambicus has found its way into the list of 100 of the World’s worst Invasive Alien Species published by Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). It has established itself in the wild which may be attributed to intentional release or escapes from fish farms.
Section Editor: Upali Amarasinghe
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v1i2.20
Submitted date: 06 August 2009
Accepted date: 28 September 2009
Published date: 22 November 2009
Pp. 126–129.
RECORD OF Oreochromis aureus (STEINDACHNER, 1864) (TELEOSTEI : PERCIFORMES : CICHLIDAE) IN THE NATURAL WATERS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA
J.D. Marcus Knight* & K. Rema Devi
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jdmarcusknight@yahoo.co.in
Of the many fish introduced globally for aquaculture, Tilapia can be considered as the most widely introduced species. The Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852, was the first species to be widely introduced for aquaculture. FAO Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species (2000 - 2009) states that O. mossambicus was first introduced to India during the year 1952 from Sri Lanka and Thailand for aquaculture with the idea of reservoir fisheries. O. niloticus Linnaeus, 1758, was introduced to India as late as 1990 from Thailand. O. mossambicus has found its way into the list of 100 of the World’s worst Invasive Alien Species published by Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). It has established itself in the wild which may be attributed to intentional release or escapes from fish farms.
Section Editor: Upali Amarasinghe
Hubungi Kami
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