v14i2.368
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.368
Submitted date: 11 May 2024
Accepted date: 25 July 2025
Published date: 21 August 2025
Pp. 166–173.
ECOLOGICAL RISK ANALYSIS OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (HABS) IN BIMA BAY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA
J. Jalaludin*, S. Suharyanto, Barti S. Muntalif & Prayatni Soewondo
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jalaludinakins@gmail.com
Abstract
In April 2022, the occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) was first reported in Bima Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, resulting in a mass fish mortality event and the formation of a brown gel-like biomass that covered a significant portion of the Amahami coastal area. Here, we assess the extent of pollution and its associated ecological risk in the aquatic environment of Bima Bay. The assessment is conducted through two scenarios: 1) the vulnerability of the bay and the potential occurrence of HABs and associated pollutant load index (PLI) and water quality index (WQI); 2) the potential ecological impact of HABs related to the structure of the phytoplankton community. The PLI calculation at all stations exceeded 1, indicating an increase in environmental pollution. The pollution index (PI) at eleven stations was classified as moderately polluted, and one station was classified as lightly polluted, with a WQI of 31.67 or in the poor water quality category. Phytoplankton abundance in Bima Bay ranged from 811 – 854,724 individuals/liter. The five most dominant phytoplankton species were identified as Pseudonitzschia sp., Chaetoceros spp., Lauderia spp., Rhizosolenia spp., and Chatonella sp. The level of HAB risk in different areas of Bima Bay is based on the PI value and the proportion of the highest toxic species obtained at stations 2 and 1, with PI values of 5.83 and 5.60, and toxic proportions of 0.41 and 0.38. The distribution of HAB tends to be concentrated in the inner bay, particularly on the east and south coasts. The potential for phytoplankton blooming is relatively higher during the months of the rainy season, as indicated by the results of the chlorophyll index (satellite imagery).
Section Editor: Otar Shainidze
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.368
Submitted date: 11 May 2024
Accepted date: 25 July 2025
Published date: 21 August 2025
Pp. 166–173.
ECOLOGICAL RISK ANALYSIS OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (HABS) IN BIMA BAY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA
J. Jalaludin*, S. Suharyanto, Barti S. Muntalif & Prayatni Soewondo
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jalaludinakins@gmail.com
Abstract
In April 2022, the occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) was first reported in Bima Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, resulting in a mass fish mortality event and the formation of a brown gel-like biomass that covered a significant portion of the Amahami coastal area. Here, we assess the extent of pollution and its associated ecological risk in the aquatic environment of Bima Bay. The assessment is conducted through two scenarios: 1) the vulnerability of the bay and the potential occurrence of HABs and associated pollutant load index (PLI) and water quality index (WQI); 2) the potential ecological impact of HABs related to the structure of the phytoplankton community. The PLI calculation at all stations exceeded 1, indicating an increase in environmental pollution. The pollution index (PI) at eleven stations was classified as moderately polluted, and one station was classified as lightly polluted, with a WQI of 31.67 or in the poor water quality category. Phytoplankton abundance in Bima Bay ranged from 811 – 854,724 individuals/liter. The five most dominant phytoplankton species were identified as Pseudonitzschia sp., Chaetoceros spp., Lauderia spp., Rhizosolenia spp., and Chatonella sp. The level of HAB risk in different areas of Bima Bay is based on the PI value and the proportion of the highest toxic species obtained at stations 2 and 1, with PI values of 5.83 and 5.60, and toxic proportions of 0.41 and 0.38. The distribution of HAB tends to be concentrated in the inner bay, particularly on the east and south coasts. The potential for phytoplankton blooming is relatively higher during the months of the rainy season, as indicated by the results of the chlorophyll index (satellite imagery).
Section Editor: Otar Shainidze
Hubungi Kami
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