v14i2.361v14i2.362v14i2.363v14i2.364v14i2.365v14i2.366v14i2.367v14i2.368v14i2.369v14i2.370v14i2.371v14i2.372v14i2.373v14i2.374v14i2.375v14i2.376v14i2.377v14i2.378
v14i2.378
eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.378
Submitted date: 6 February 2025
Accepted date: 22 October 2025
Published date: 25 November 2025
Pp. 260–274.
THE “KALPATARU” PHILOSOPHY AS AN INDONESIAN PARADIGM OF BIODIVERSITY: INSIGHTS FROM THE KARMAWIBHAṄGA RELIEFS OF BOROBUDUR
Ibnu Maryanto, Rusdianto Rusdianto, Hidayat Ashari, Aris A. Mundayat, Fauziah Fauziah, Wawan Sujarwo, Dony S. Wibowo & Eko Sulistyadi
*Corresponding author. E-mail: ibnumaryanto@gmail.com
Abstract
Borobudur Temple in Indonesia, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is renowned for its intricate architecture and carved reliefs. Among its Buddhist symbols, the Kalpataru and the Kinara-Kinari reliefs represent biodiversity, environmental enlightenment, and a cosmological paradigm revealed through interconnectivity analysis. This study applies a holistic approach integrating intra-, inter-, and extra-textual as well as contextual analysis, complemented by a post-human perspective that deconstructs human centrality and places all beings on equal footing. The goal is to uncover alternative meanings of inclusivity and equality through Kalpataru cosmology. The article explores the relationship between multispecies flora and fauna within the Kalpataru and Kinara-Kinari motifs of the Karmawibhangga reliefs at Borobudur and their symbolic role in Buddhist cosmology. Through this holistic examination, the study highlights the enduring values of these reliefs as prototypes for understanding the interconnectedness of life.
Section Editor: Clare Palmer
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.378
Submitted date: 6 February 2025
Accepted date: 22 October 2025
Published date: 25 November 2025
Pp. 260–274.
THE “KALPATARU” PHILOSOPHY AS AN INDONESIAN PARADIGM OF BIODIVERSITY: INSIGHTS FROM THE KARMAWIBHAṄGA RELIEFS OF BOROBUDUR
Ibnu Maryanto, Rusdianto Rusdianto, Hidayat Ashari, Aris A. Mundayat, Fauziah Fauziah, Wawan Sujarwo, Dony S. Wibowo & Eko Sulistyadi
*Corresponding author. E-mail: ibnumaryanto@gmail.com
Abstract
Borobudur Temple in Indonesia, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is renowned for its intricate architecture and carved reliefs. Among its Buddhist symbols, the Kalpataru and the Kinara-Kinari reliefs represent biodiversity, environmental enlightenment, and a cosmological paradigm revealed through interconnectivity analysis. This study applies a holistic approach integrating intra-, inter-, and extra-textual as well as contextual analysis, complemented by a post-human perspective that deconstructs human centrality and places all beings on equal footing. The goal is to uncover alternative meanings of inclusivity and equality through Kalpataru cosmology. The article explores the relationship between multispecies flora and fauna within the Kalpataru and Kinara-Kinari motifs of the Karmawibhangga reliefs at Borobudur and their symbolic role in Buddhist cosmology. Through this holistic examination, the study highlights the enduring values of these reliefs as prototypes for understanding the interconnectedness of life.
Section Editor: Clare Palmer
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