Archives
v14i2.390eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.390
Submitted date: 18 December 2024
Accepted date: 21 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 325–326.
Allofeeding behavior in wild Pesquet’s parrots (Psittrichas fulgidus)
R.A. Pramunandya & T. Haryoko
*Corresponding author. E-mail: raka.aditya95@gmail.com
Pesquet’s parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus) is a threatened species listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This species is endemic to the large island of New Guinea. It is a unique parrot species due to its relatively flat beak compared to other parrots. The shape of its beak is specialized for feeding on soft fruits, especially Ficus and other Moraceae species, blossoms, nectar, and possibly insects. Pesquet’s parrot is difficult to observe in the wild due to its sensitivity and habitat, which consists of natural forests that are not overly dense, ranging from elevations of 500 to 1,800 m a.s.l. In addition to the limited ecological information available, BirdLife International (2017) reported that 30–49% of its population declined over three generations (27 years) due to hunting and habitat loss. The scarcity of information about Pesquet’s parrot underscores the importance of documenting and recording even minor observations.
Section Editor: Rowan Martin
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.390
Submitted date: 18 December 2024
Accepted date: 21 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 325–326.
Allofeeding behavior in wild Pesquet’s parrots (Psittrichas fulgidus)
R.A. Pramunandya & T. Haryoko
*Corresponding author. E-mail: raka.aditya95@gmail.com
Pesquet’s parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus) is a threatened species listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This species is endemic to the large island of New Guinea. It is a unique parrot species due to its relatively flat beak compared to other parrots. The shape of its beak is specialized for feeding on soft fruits, especially Ficus and other Moraceae species, blossoms, nectar, and possibly insects. Pesquet’s parrot is difficult to observe in the wild due to its sensitivity and habitat, which consists of natural forests that are not overly dense, ranging from elevations of 500 to 1,800 m a.s.l. In addition to the limited ecological information available, BirdLife International (2017) reported that 30–49% of its population declined over three generations (27 years) due to hunting and habitat loss. The scarcity of information about Pesquet’s parrot underscores the importance of documenting and recording even minor observations.
Section Editor: Rowan Martin
v14i2.389eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.389
Submitted date: 25 November 2024
Accepted date: 5 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 323–324.
On the partial TLR21 gene from the feathers of birds, a chicken, and a duck
S.H. Sumarsono*, R.R.B. Suryohastari, E.A. Giri-Rachman, S.A.R. Nisa
*Corresponding author. E-mail: sonyheru@sith.itb.ac.id
The evolutionary arms race between pathogens and host organisms has shaped diverse immune detection systems across species. Among the most studied innate immune components are Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which bridge environmental signals with host immune responses. Originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a regulator of embryonic development, the Toll gene was later found to have antifungal immunity functions. This laid the foundation for the discovery of vertebrate TLRs, including those in birds. TLRs recognize structurally conserved molecules of microbes, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), encompassing lipids, lipoproteins, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Section Editor: Yufang Liu
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.389
Submitted date: 25 November 2024
Accepted date: 5 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 323–324.
On the partial TLR21 gene from the feathers of birds, a chicken, and a duck
S.H. Sumarsono*, R.R.B. Suryohastari, E.A. Giri-Rachman, S.A.R. Nisa
*Corresponding author. E-mail: sonyheru@sith.itb.ac.id
The evolutionary arms race between pathogens and host organisms has shaped diverse immune detection systems across species. Among the most studied innate immune components are Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which bridge environmental signals with host immune responses. Originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a regulator of embryonic development, the Toll gene was later found to have antifungal immunity functions. This laid the foundation for the discovery of vertebrate TLRs, including those in birds. TLRs recognize structurally conserved molecules of microbes, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), encompassing lipids, lipoproteins, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Section Editor: Yufang Liu
v14i2.388eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.388
Submitted date: 20 September 2024
Accepted date: 21 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 318–322.
Interference avoidance by wild ungulates at a mineral lick, Central Kalimantan
G. Wicaksono*, T.M. Setia, I. Sapari, F. Basalamah & T. Ariyanto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: wawan.sujarwo@brin.go.id
Mineral licks are small, mineral-rich sites within forests that wildlife visit to supplement their mineral intake by licking or consuming soil. These licks are essential sources of minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which support osmoregulation, toxin neutralization, and the development of bones and muscles. Due to mineral deficiencies in plant foliage, wild herbivores often resort to geophagy. The Belantikan Hulu area, within the Arabela landscape of the Schwaner Mountains in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, comprises lowland forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae species such as Dipterocarpus fagineus and Shorea laevis, along with Eusideroxylon zwageri. There are several active mineral licks in this landscape.
Section Editor: Juan Herrero
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.388
Submitted date: 20 September 2024
Accepted date: 21 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 318–322.
Interference avoidance by wild ungulates at a mineral lick, Central Kalimantan
G. Wicaksono*, T.M. Setia, I. Sapari, F. Basalamah & T. Ariyanto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: wawan.sujarwo@brin.go.id
Mineral licks are small, mineral-rich sites within forests that wildlife visit to supplement their mineral intake by licking or consuming soil. These licks are essential sources of minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which support osmoregulation, toxin neutralization, and the development of bones and muscles. Due to mineral deficiencies in plant foliage, wild herbivores often resort to geophagy. The Belantikan Hulu area, within the Arabela landscape of the Schwaner Mountains in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, comprises lowland forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae species such as Dipterocarpus fagineus and Shorea laevis, along with Eusideroxylon zwageri. There are several active mineral licks in this landscape.
Section Editor: Juan Herrero
v14i2.387eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.387
Submitted date: 1 January 2025
Accepted date: 22 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 313–317.
Seahorses and pipefishes of Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Syngnathidae)
J. Bandara, M.P. Gunawardena & C. Weerakoon*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: chamodyalk5@gmail.com
Sri Lanka, situated within the biodiversity-rich Indo-Pacific, is recognized as a hotspot for marine and freshwater fish diversity. Although numerous new teleost species have been described from the island in recent decades, the family Syngnathidae, which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and pygmy pipehorses, remains poorly documented. Despite early taxonomic contributions, such as those by Duncker (1910), who described the pipefish species Siokunichthys southwelli and Microphis ocellatus from ‘Ceylon’, modern systematic studies on Sri Lanka’s syngnathid fauna are lacking. Given the morphological complexity of this group and the potential for cryptic species, a comprehensive taxonomic synthesis is overdue. Accurate field identification of syngnathid species in Sri Lanka is further complicated by the lack of region-specific diagnostic tools and the morphological conservatism typical of the group. Foundational works, including Dawson (1985), provide broad Indo-Pacific coverage but are not tailored to the local fauna.
Section Editor: Upali S. Amarasinghe
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.387
Submitted date: 1 January 2025
Accepted date: 22 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 313–317.
Seahorses and pipefishes of Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Syngnathidae)
J. Bandara, M.P. Gunawardena & C. Weerakoon*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: chamodyalk5@gmail.com
Sri Lanka, situated within the biodiversity-rich Indo-Pacific, is recognized as a hotspot for marine and freshwater fish diversity. Although numerous new teleost species have been described from the island in recent decades, the family Syngnathidae, which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and pygmy pipehorses, remains poorly documented. Despite early taxonomic contributions, such as those by Duncker (1910), who described the pipefish species Siokunichthys southwelli and Microphis ocellatus from ‘Ceylon’, modern systematic studies on Sri Lanka’s syngnathid fauna are lacking. Given the morphological complexity of this group and the potential for cryptic species, a comprehensive taxonomic synthesis is overdue. Accurate field identification of syngnathid species in Sri Lanka is further complicated by the lack of region-specific diagnostic tools and the morphological conservatism typical of the group. Foundational works, including Dawson (1985), provide broad Indo-Pacific coverage but are not tailored to the local fauna.
Section Editor: Upali S. Amarasinghe
v14i2.386eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.386
Submitted date: 28 July 2024
Accepted date: 22 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 310–312.
Comparative assessment of avian diversity in cemented and non-cemented ponds
H.A. Khandelwal, V.S. Soni, N.P. Maheta* & D.M. Bhatt
*Corresponding author. E-mail: niketa.maheta@yahoo.com
Water bodies are vital for sustaining life. India has about 2.42 million water bodies, with 97.1% in rural and 2.9% in urban areas; ponds make up 59.5% of these. Gujarat has 54,069 water bodies, of which only 8.71% are ponds. In Gujarat, 98.3% lie in rural areas, where ponds account for 7.9%, while in urban areas, ponds make up 56.3%. Gujarat State of India harbours 615 species of birds. Avifaunal diversity and abundance vary seasonally based on food availability, habitat characteristics, and breeding site preferences. Urbanization and population growth lead to habitat fragmentation, altered vegetation, and reduced natural resources, affecting bird diversity, abundance, and distribution. Urban expansion causes biodiversity loss, native species decline, and increased extinction rates. Bird responses vary based on dietary guilds, nesting, and roosting habits, and even minor habitat changes can impact their behaviour. Previous studies confirmed that urbanization impacts avian species abundance, richness, diversity, and distribution.
Section Editor: Wolfgang Fiedler
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.386
Submitted date: 28 July 2024
Accepted date: 22 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 310–312.
Comparative assessment of avian diversity in cemented and non-cemented ponds
H.A. Khandelwal, V.S. Soni, N.P. Maheta* & D.M. Bhatt
*Corresponding author. E-mail: niketa.maheta@yahoo.com
Water bodies are vital for sustaining life. India has about 2.42 million water bodies, with 97.1% in rural and 2.9% in urban areas; ponds make up 59.5% of these. Gujarat has 54,069 water bodies, of which only 8.71% are ponds. In Gujarat, 98.3% lie in rural areas, where ponds account for 7.9%, while in urban areas, ponds make up 56.3%. Gujarat State of India harbours 615 species of birds. Avifaunal diversity and abundance vary seasonally based on food availability, habitat characteristics, and breeding site preferences. Urbanization and population growth lead to habitat fragmentation, altered vegetation, and reduced natural resources, affecting bird diversity, abundance, and distribution. Urban expansion causes biodiversity loss, native species decline, and increased extinction rates. Bird responses vary based on dietary guilds, nesting, and roosting habits, and even minor habitat changes can impact their behaviour. Previous studies confirmed that urbanization impacts avian species abundance, richness, diversity, and distribution.
Section Editor: Wolfgang Fiedler
Hubungi Kami
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