Archives
v14i2.392eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.392
Submitted date: 2 October 2024
Accepted date: 21 September 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 330–331.
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) uses caves as a refuge in Maharashtra
P.R. Patil, D. Kawalkar*, S.S. Manchi, A. Dhamorikar & H. Pethe
*Corresponding author. E-mail: wawan.sujarwo@brin.go.id
The mainland leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is one of India’s 15 wild cat species, ranging widely from the Russian Far East to Singapore. Within India, it occurs across the Western and Eastern Ghats, eastern coastal hills, the Himalayas, and northeast India. Genetic and ecological analyses show that the Western Ghats population is both geographically isolated and genetically distinct from those in Northeast India and Southeast Asia. Globally, the species is classified as Least Concern, yet in India it receives the highest legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Highly adaptable, the leopard cat occupies habitats ranging from tropical rainforests to human-modified landscapes such as plantations. Its distribution correlates strongly with prey abundance and local environmental conditions. Breeding patterns vary geographically—seasonal in temperate regions (late April–June in Russia) and continuous near the equator. For denning, females typically use hollow trees, dense shrubs, overhanging rocks, or large roots. Until now, there has been no record of this species using caves for birthing or shelter, making the present observation of cave use an ecologically significant finding.
Section Editor: Gennady Baryshnikov
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.392
Submitted date: 2 October 2024
Accepted date: 21 September 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 330–331.
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) uses caves as a refuge in Maharashtra
P.R. Patil, D. Kawalkar*, S.S. Manchi, A. Dhamorikar & H. Pethe
*Corresponding author. E-mail: wawan.sujarwo@brin.go.id
The mainland leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is one of India’s 15 wild cat species, ranging widely from the Russian Far East to Singapore. Within India, it occurs across the Western and Eastern Ghats, eastern coastal hills, the Himalayas, and northeast India. Genetic and ecological analyses show that the Western Ghats population is both geographically isolated and genetically distinct from those in Northeast India and Southeast Asia. Globally, the species is classified as Least Concern, yet in India it receives the highest legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Highly adaptable, the leopard cat occupies habitats ranging from tropical rainforests to human-modified landscapes such as plantations. Its distribution correlates strongly with prey abundance and local environmental conditions. Breeding patterns vary geographically—seasonal in temperate regions (late April–June in Russia) and continuous near the equator. For denning, females typically use hollow trees, dense shrubs, overhanging rocks, or large roots. Until now, there has been no record of this species using caves for birthing or shelter, making the present observation of cave use an ecologically significant finding.
Section Editor: Gennady Baryshnikov
v14i2.391eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.391
Submitted date: 10 October 2024
Accepted date: 21 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 327–329.
On the arrow-tailed flying squirrel (Hylopetes sagitta) from Mt. Ungaran, Java
M. Rahayuningsih*, P. Yuda, F. Sidiq, M.I. Muhyidhin, H. Evi, M.F. Zaka & K. Karsinah*
Corresponding author. E-mail: etak_sigid@mail.unnes.ac.id
Two species of Hylopetes, a genus of small flying squirrels native to Southeast Asia, found in the island of Java, Indonesia: (1) narrow-tailed flying squirrel (Hylopetes sagitta) and Bartel’s flying squirrel (Hylopetes bartelsi). The arrow-tailed flying squirrel (Hylopetes sagitta) (Sciuridae, Rodentia) is endemic to the islands of Java (H. s. sagitta Linnaeus, 1766) and Bangka (H. s. aurantiacus Wagner, 1841). The original specimen described by Linnaeus (1766) was named Sciurus sagitta and placed in Hylopetes by Chasen (1940), including Pteromys lepidus (Horsfield, 1824) and H. sagitta aurantiacus as a subspecies. Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1955) recognized these species as Hylopetes lepidus which included subspecies H.l. aurantiacus and H.l. platyurus. Medway (1977) separated Hylopetes lepidus and Hylopetes sagitta into different species. Then Rasmussen & Thorington (2008) considered these species to be Hylopetes lepidus, placed H. sagitta as a synonym, and included H.l. aurantiacus and but not H.l. platyurus.
Section Editor: John Gurnell
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.391
Submitted date: 10 October 2024
Accepted date: 21 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 327–329.
On the arrow-tailed flying squirrel (Hylopetes sagitta) from Mt. Ungaran, Java
M. Rahayuningsih*, P. Yuda, F. Sidiq, M.I. Muhyidhin, H. Evi, M.F. Zaka & K. Karsinah*
Corresponding author. E-mail: etak_sigid@mail.unnes.ac.id
Two species of Hylopetes, a genus of small flying squirrels native to Southeast Asia, found in the island of Java, Indonesia: (1) narrow-tailed flying squirrel (Hylopetes sagitta) and Bartel’s flying squirrel (Hylopetes bartelsi). The arrow-tailed flying squirrel (Hylopetes sagitta) (Sciuridae, Rodentia) is endemic to the islands of Java (H. s. sagitta Linnaeus, 1766) and Bangka (H. s. aurantiacus Wagner, 1841). The original specimen described by Linnaeus (1766) was named Sciurus sagitta and placed in Hylopetes by Chasen (1940), including Pteromys lepidus (Horsfield, 1824) and H. sagitta aurantiacus as a subspecies. Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1955) recognized these species as Hylopetes lepidus which included subspecies H.l. aurantiacus and H.l. platyurus. Medway (1977) separated Hylopetes lepidus and Hylopetes sagitta into different species. Then Rasmussen & Thorington (2008) considered these species to be Hylopetes lepidus, placed H. sagitta as a synonym, and included H.l. aurantiacus and but not H.l. platyurus.
Section Editor: John Gurnell
v14i2.390eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.390
Submitted date: 18 December 2024
Accepted date: 21 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 325–326.
Allofeeding behavior in wild Pesquet’s parrots (Psittrichas fulgidus)
R.A. Pramunandya & T. Haryoko
*Corresponding author. E-mail: raka.aditya95@gmail.com
Pesquet’s parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus) is a threatened species listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This species is endemic to the large island of New Guinea. It is a unique parrot species due to its relatively flat beak compared to other parrots. The shape of its beak is specialized for feeding on soft fruits, especially Ficus and other Moraceae species, blossoms, nectar, and possibly insects. Pesquet’s parrot is difficult to observe in the wild due to its sensitivity and habitat, which consists of natural forests that are not overly dense, ranging from elevations of 500 to 1,800 m a.s.l. In addition to the limited ecological information available, BirdLife International (2017) reported that 30–49% of its population declined over three generations (27 years) due to hunting and habitat loss. The scarcity of information about Pesquet’s parrot underscores the importance of documenting and recording even minor observations.
Section Editor: Rowan Martin
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.390
Submitted date: 18 December 2024
Accepted date: 21 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 325–326.
Allofeeding behavior in wild Pesquet’s parrots (Psittrichas fulgidus)
R.A. Pramunandya & T. Haryoko
*Corresponding author. E-mail: raka.aditya95@gmail.com
Pesquet’s parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus) is a threatened species listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This species is endemic to the large island of New Guinea. It is a unique parrot species due to its relatively flat beak compared to other parrots. The shape of its beak is specialized for feeding on soft fruits, especially Ficus and other Moraceae species, blossoms, nectar, and possibly insects. Pesquet’s parrot is difficult to observe in the wild due to its sensitivity and habitat, which consists of natural forests that are not overly dense, ranging from elevations of 500 to 1,800 m a.s.l. In addition to the limited ecological information available, BirdLife International (2017) reported that 30–49% of its population declined over three generations (27 years) due to hunting and habitat loss. The scarcity of information about Pesquet’s parrot underscores the importance of documenting and recording even minor observations.
Section Editor: Rowan Martin
v14i2.389eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.389
Submitted date: 25 November 2024
Accepted date: 5 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 323–324.
On the partial TLR21 gene from the feathers of birds, a chicken, and a duck
S.H. Sumarsono*, R.R.B. Suryohastari, E.A. Giri-Rachman, S.A.R. Nisa
*Corresponding author. E-mail: sonyheru@sith.itb.ac.id
The evolutionary arms race between pathogens and host organisms has shaped diverse immune detection systems across species. Among the most studied innate immune components are Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which bridge environmental signals with host immune responses. Originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a regulator of embryonic development, the Toll gene was later found to have antifungal immunity functions. This laid the foundation for the discovery of vertebrate TLRs, including those in birds. TLRs recognize structurally conserved molecules of microbes, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), encompassing lipids, lipoproteins, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Section Editor: Yufang Liu
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.389
Submitted date: 25 November 2024
Accepted date: 5 June 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 323–324.
On the partial TLR21 gene from the feathers of birds, a chicken, and a duck
S.H. Sumarsono*, R.R.B. Suryohastari, E.A. Giri-Rachman, S.A.R. Nisa
*Corresponding author. E-mail: sonyheru@sith.itb.ac.id
The evolutionary arms race between pathogens and host organisms has shaped diverse immune detection systems across species. Among the most studied innate immune components are Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which bridge environmental signals with host immune responses. Originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a regulator of embryonic development, the Toll gene was later found to have antifungal immunity functions. This laid the foundation for the discovery of vertebrate TLRs, including those in birds. TLRs recognize structurally conserved molecules of microbes, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), encompassing lipids, lipoproteins, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Section Editor: Yufang Liu
v14i2.388eISSN: 1800-427X (online)
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.388
Submitted date: 20 September 2024
Accepted date: 21 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 318–322.
Interference avoidance by wild ungulates at a mineral lick, Central Kalimantan
G. Wicaksono*, T.M. Setia, I. Sapari, F. Basalamah & T. Ariyanto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: wawan.sujarwo@brin.go.id
Mineral licks are small, mineral-rich sites within forests that wildlife visit to supplement their mineral intake by licking or consuming soil. These licks are essential sources of minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which support osmoregulation, toxin neutralization, and the development of bones and muscles. Due to mineral deficiencies in plant foliage, wild herbivores often resort to geophagy. The Belantikan Hulu area, within the Arabela landscape of the Schwaner Mountains in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, comprises lowland forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae species such as Dipterocarpus fagineus and Shorea laevis, along with Eusideroxylon zwageri. There are several active mineral licks in this landscape.
Section Editor: Juan Herrero
DOI:10.47605/tapro.v14i2.388
Submitted date: 20 September 2024
Accepted date: 21 July 2025
Published date: 28 November 2025
Pp. 318–322.
Interference avoidance by wild ungulates at a mineral lick, Central Kalimantan
G. Wicaksono*, T.M. Setia, I. Sapari, F. Basalamah & T. Ariyanto
*Corresponding author. E-mail: wawan.sujarwo@brin.go.id
Mineral licks are small, mineral-rich sites within forests that wildlife visit to supplement their mineral intake by licking or consuming soil. These licks are essential sources of minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which support osmoregulation, toxin neutralization, and the development of bones and muscles. Due to mineral deficiencies in plant foliage, wild herbivores often resort to geophagy. The Belantikan Hulu area, within the Arabela landscape of the Schwaner Mountains in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, comprises lowland forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae species such as Dipterocarpus fagineus and Shorea laevis, along with Eusideroxylon zwageri. There are several active mineral licks in this landscape.
Section Editor: Juan Herrero
Hubungi Kami
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